W 3 Legal Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

W 3 Legal Topic - Essay Example use managed care organizations have over the years served as a consortium of organizations that use various managed care techniques to bring both affordable care and quality care to care users (Svorny, 2011). Whiles playing their role, there ethical and legal responsibilities that managed care organizations become bounded to. From the article of Leslie (1994), it would be noted that the application of ethical and legal principles go hand in hand. When arguing for whether or not managed care organization must be shielded from liability when utilization review results in an adverse event, it is important to consider both sides of the argument, namely ethical and legal. From an ethical perspective, one would notice that once managed care organizations agree to be responsible for the health care of patients, they set delimitations that have to with the fact that they do not become the direct care givers. Rather, the managed care organizations employ the services of health care service providers to give care. Meanwhile, adverse event can be noted to be a health risks that occurs at the point of reception of care. According to the National Health Directorate, adverse event is considered an ethical issue that occurs at the time of receiving care from a professional (Kesselheim and Brennan, 2013). What this means is that when utilization review results in an adverse event, it is the professional health care provider that is to blame rather than the facilitator of the care. From this perspective, it can be argued that indeed managed care organization need to be shielded from ethical based liabilities that has to do with adverse event. From a legal perspective also, it is always important to ask the question of what the regulations state (Leslie, 1994). Leslie (1994) actually noted that the contractual provisions of managed care organizations set an indemnity clause that attempts to establish their lack of liability. The basis for this legal provision is that in most of

Relationship Between Plot Structure And Character Development

Relationship Between Plot Structure And Character Development As character development is an essential part in novels, it turns out to be interesting to discuss the essence of the topic. The essay mentions about how the characters develop at different stages in the two novels, The House of the Spirits and One Hundred Years of Solitude and how does this help subsequently, in the development of their plot structure. A good link with respect to the attitudes and the behavioral characteristics can be seen where the development of characters is concerned. A similar connection can be noticed in the way that each novel advances as a result of the progress in terms of their character development. Character development and plot structure play a significant role in different works as the writers use them to make their works interesting. Lets have a glance upon what the writers want to portray through their own designed work. 1You cant find someone who doesnt want to be found. says Isabel Allende for her masterpiece, The House of the Spirits. This indicates that a reader cannot find a character which the author does not want to show, as the power to develop the plot with the help of the characters lies with the author alone. The someone mentioned in the quote reflects to a particular extent to the character itself. Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquezs view upon his work One Hundred Years of Solitude is  [2]  The world must be all fucked up when men travel first class and literature goes as freight. By giving this view, the author expresses his view that all people should respect the literary work ardently. It is very important to understand that the work will be respected only if the plot is well developed and this in turn is organized with the help of characters and their development in the work at every step. The opinions of the authors reflect the mind of a curious reader who is passionate about the work. The novels on which the following essay is based were written in different parts of the world in different eras and also by different authors but, they can still be associated with each other where particular aspects like characters and plot is concerned. This signifies a strong bond in relation to the individual works. The Supernatural element plays an important role in developing the characters, thereby supporting the structure of the plot. Clara uses her supernatural powers predicting the future of the characters. This in turn magnifies the events and circumstances take place as per the wishes of the author. The progression of the plot is also based on how the characters are made to react to a particular situation. Rosas death which was foretold by Clara, creates a setting, which crafts out the marriage of Esteban with Clara. On the other hand, Jose Buendia is portrayed initially as possessing the autonomous power of prophecy. But the events foretold by Melquiades prove to overpower the foresight of the character, revolutionizing the mode of the progress of the novel. Jose and Ursula are disheartened with the foresight of the birth of a child with a pigtail. This clouds the buoyant temperament of the novel which is believed to be one of the causes of its humungous success. Authors tend to use character building with the aid of a particular aspect running throughout the novel. This development of the character in the progressive chapters further ministers the maturity of the plot, bringing about an outstanding piece of work. Prostitution is blended beautifully along with the different factors in the novels by both Allende and Marquez. Transito Soto, who was projected as a non entity and an object of pleasure, turns out to be the sole aid for Esteban Trueba towards liberating his daughter.  [3]  Illustrating the power of the sex industry, in only two days Trà ¡nsito does what Senator Trueba has been unable to do. This quote simply reflects the help extended and the sacrifice made by Transito Soto towards Esteban. The events signifying child prostitution and incest in One Hundred Years of Solitude facilitate the turnaround of the characters from one attribute to the other. Marquez possesses this distinctive feature of blending the solitary aspect with the natural.  [4]  In our world of child abuse, prostitution, sexually transmitted diseases, rape etc, we are able to see the strange sexual relationships depicted in this novel (let me know about this) as no more bizarre than what we see going on ar ound us. goes as accepted in the plot structure. The plots in their magnanimous journey also give birth to the events linked with depression and sadness. Such emotive settings help the reader take a plunge into the mood of the author. A poignant atmosphere with a touchy word from the writer creates a situation that takes the plot to a totally different angle, portraying the darker side of human life. Isabel Allende allows Esteban Trueba to not only get addicted and obsessed but also to go in depression now and then. This addiction brings him to a situation, where he needs to turn to another person. This person comes in disguise of a character, developing the plot and laying the foundation for a long term stand. Transito Soto projected as a prostitute, comes to the authors rescue here. Similarly in One Hundred Years of Solitude there are instance of the characters delving into sad mood.(give an example of sadness and depression from 100 yrs here) The writers have used autonomous situations in different contexts, as a support for the characters disposition and its direct effect on the structure of the novel. Situations like autopsy of Rosa after her death in The House of the Spirits and similar scene(which is that scene? Mention it. ) is created within the novel One Hundred Years of Solitude. It can be learnt that the plots developed not at the discretion of the authors alone, but the era and the prevailing circumstances had a direct effect on the development of the characters and in turn, on the plot. The authors allow the plot to create confusion in the readers mind, due to presence of many characters with similar names. At times, it becomes difficult for the reader to identify the correct name associated with a particular situation when he/ she may read the novel. Unless the reader is totally transfixed, he/ she may not be able to smartly focus on the difference in the characters behavior and the roles they play. It has major part in the novels The House of the Spirits and One Hundred Years of Solitude as there are many characters which are named same after their fathers and forefathers.(give examples of similar names from each text). The essence of giving a same name to the characters portrays the continuity in family and also supports the entire plot by eventually helping the character to develop in the readers mind. Authors also have the tendency to take an unusual event like the occurrence of natural calamity in the plot to disturb it and to formulate a change in the plot story. The mention of earthquakes as a natural calamity has been taken as a support to develop the plot of The House of the Spirits. It also has a great effect upon the existing characters in the plot. Moreover, Marquez, the author of One Hundred Years of Solitude has also successfully shown plague and fight which is again a part of the natural disaster and an unusual event. Politics, as a favourite element of most of the authors, is succinctly used as a background of these novels too. Authors use politics as an important element to develop the characters of Jose and Esteban.(give examples of politics). The events associated with Mocondo and Tres Marias are portrayed in the light of imagery. Readers may tend to note, that these symbols although metaphorically used by the authors are also used as a solid ground to highlight the basic building blocks for the development of the characters and the plot. The writers also put forth their best by mentioning the house as the world itself. The plot of The House of the Spirits revolves around Tres Marias and the plot of One Hundred Years of Solitude, around Macondo. From this one can decipher that the reader tends to get engrossed only in the mentioned town or city and the world around them is least taken into consideration. The author Sheree Rehemas view point upon character development states that,  [5]  As authors, it is our duty to create lovable, enticing characters and do horrible, evil things to them. This quote helps us understand that the writers use their characters to develop the plot structures. Incest, as an intriguing element, fascinates the readers to such an extent, that a suggestion for an epilogue comes to the fore. (gv examples of incest) A shift in the attitude of the characters marks a turning point in a novel. A major transformation can be noticed in Marquez One Hundred Years of Solitude when Arcadio turns out to be cruel later on after being sluggish initially. Incidentally, Estebans attitude can also be seen bringing about a transformational shift in his own values and principles. This further helps develop the plot, helping the authors bring about a revolutionary change in the readers perspective. The connections in the two literary texts can be positively conveyed as the readers get a clear idea of the presence of the links in the relationship between the plot structure and character development in the two novels, The House of the Spirits and One Hundred Years of Solitude. The inclusion of different elements like depression and sadness, prostitution and incest, the metaphorical and the supernatural elements, the autonomous and the complex, politics and attitudes etc, form a solid base for these writers to develop the plots with the characters around. The efforts of Isabel Allende and Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez have shown a positive impact upon the readers, as the rationale that brings about the essence of a constant progress not only in the works mentioned above, but also in their entire literary careers. Words:

Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird Essay -- To Kill a Mockingbird Essay

Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird To Kill a Mockingbird, both as a novel and as a film, shows how time can change the way society views the importance of certain issues, such as racism. Because it was written during the civil rights movement, many people protested against it for conveying issues of prejudice between the north and the south. However, after time, the novel gradually became accepted. It is now a world-renowned classic, and it has won the Pulitzer Prize, as well as having made its way to the big screen. The author, Harper Lee, sets the story in a small town in Alabama. The narrator is a 9-year-old tomboy, whose father was a widowed lawyer. Herbert Mitgang wrote in the New York Times on July 13, 1960: The author eases the reader into the life of the town with warmth and good humor. The reader builds what the children call a Negro ?snowman;? rolls crazily down the street in a somersaulting old tire; sits in a consolidated classroom in a hilarious scene where the backcountry kids unhinge a teacher from an alien ?north? county of Alabama. The children?s phrases, the slang of Southern poor white and Negro, and the language of the more educated people have a regional charm. Mitgang tells us that the novel is about the life of two children who live in a small town, where they deal with racism in society. Prejudice surrounds their childhood, and it lurks with them while they are playing, and even while they are in the classroom. Mitgang tells us that on top of all this, racism is conveyed in the children?s language. Writer Jane Kansas created a website dedicated to To Kill a Mockingbird. She covers areas such as the novel, the film, events, reviews, interviews, and a biography of Harper Lee. According to ... ...1963. Schumach, Murray. ?Prize for Novel Elates Film Pair.? New York Times 19 May 1961, 26. Snyder, Steven. Rev. of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Zertinet Movies. 01 Nov. 2005. < http://movies.zertinet.com/2002/toki/tokillamockingbird.htm>. Stratton, Jerry. Rev. of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. FireBlade Book Review.8 Sept. 2002. 26 October 2005. < http://www.hoboes.com/html/FireBlade/Books/Mockingbird.shtml>. Neary, Lynn. Talk of the Nation. NPR . Oct. 2002. 01 Nov. 2005. < http://www.npr.org/programs/totn/features/2002/oct/books/>. Tubelle, Larry. Rev. of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Variety 100 12 Dec. 1962. 4 Nov. 2005 . Weinberg, Scott. Rev. of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Rotten Tomatoes.17 Sept. 2005. 20 Oct. 2005. < http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/to_kill_a_mockingbird/?sortby=date&critic=columns>.

Credentialing System Implementation Essay

The previous two parts of this three-part assignment, the systems analysis and application architecture and process design aspect of the credentialing software project at TPI Health Systems (TPI) was explored. This last paper will explore the implementation stage of the systems development life cycle (SDLC) as it related to the credentialing project at TPI. There are six major steps to the implementation phase of the SDLC: (1) coding, (2) testing, (3) installation, (4) documentation, (5) training and (6) support. The text actually details five steps and breaks-out the last step, support, into its own phase (Satzinger, Jackson, & Burd, 2004, p. 626). The first phase, coding, is done in any of three development styles: (1) input, process, output, (2) top-down, (3) bottom up. The input, process, output (IPO) method is defined by first doing the activities that require external input followed by elements that process the input and concluded by programs that produce output (Zachman, 1987, p. 279). The IPO is effective in developing user interface first and simplifies testing. It does have a disadvantage of late output modules (Satzinger et al. p. 629). The top-down and bottom up methods produce the needed top or bottom modules, respectively. Top-down coding has the advantage of having a working version of the program. Poor utilization of programming personnel in the beginning of the project is disadvantage of the top-down development method. The bottom-up method puts programming personnel to work immediate, utilizing resources effectively. Unfortunately, this method also requires additional programming to test the modules, as well as an overall delay of testing by waiting for the top modules to be developed. The credentialing project at TPI used a weak IPO method of coding. The major attention was placed on converting the data in the existing Visual Fox format to Microsoft SQL 2000 compatible data. The company, SyMed, made no provision for any user interface changes. The process of how a credentialing application flowed through the TPI credentialing process was observed in the analysis phase of the project and the project team had wanted some user interface changes to accommodate TPI processes. These changes did not fit into the SyMed project plan, so the TPI process was changed to accommodate the pre-written user interface of the SyMed system. Testing is the next phase of the implementation phase. A comprehensive testing program includes a stepwise process starting with unit testing, followed by testing of group components called integration testing and concluded with entire systems test (Satzinger et al. , 2004, p. 640). Individual units or modules are tested prior to integration with more advanced modules, using driver modules. Once a set of modules are put together, integration testing can take place. These test include checking for interface compatibility, run-time exceptions, parameter values and unexpected state interactions (Satzinger et al. , p. 644-645). Jeff Theobald suggests that an effort should be made to concentrate not on just errors in a single application or module, but also the system as a whole and between systems (Theobald, 2007). After these tests are completed, the project goes on to system testing. System testing often involves daily â€Å"build and smoke† tests, where the system is set to run and is observed for â€Å"smoke† or errors (McConnell, 1996). The TPI credentialing system was tested in this manner. The project made it through the first two testing phases (unit and integration), but never made it out of systems testing. It â€Å"smoked† and never stopped due to a basic inability of the data store to handle the TPI method of placing multiple doctors in multiple entities. The SyMed development team called in the architect of the system and a step back to the analysis phase was made. Their entire development team, along with the architect, made a trip from Nashville to Louisville to redo the initial analysis. The team went back to Nashville with the new data and called back to say they could not do the project. The end of the project consumed uncounted person-hours, 7 months on the calendar and about $25,000 dollars. The next part of the implementation phase is installation. This phase is accomplished by several methods. The first is direct installation. This is where the new system is installed and implemented and the old system is â€Å"turned off. † This is a simple but risky way for a new system to be deployed. The next possible method of installation is parallel. This method is demonstrated by keeping both systems going for an extended amount of time. This is a low risk but high cost implementation scenario. Phased installation is the last method and is characterized by multiple possible pathways to final installation. Phased installation is also low risk, but can become quite complex due to the multiple pathways (Satzinger et al. , 2004). The TPI credentialing system, had it made it to this phase, was to be a parallel installation. Documentation is the next phase of implementation and usually consists of user documentation and systems documentation. User documentation is descriptions to users on how to work together with the system. It is typically how to startup and shutdown the system, the keystrokes necessary to do specific tasks, functions necessary to perform a specific procedure and troubleshooting tips (Satzinger et al. , 2004). System documentation usually consists of information necessary to maintain and re-implement the system in the event of a disaster. System documentation includes maintenance and upgrade procedures, analysis methods and in some cases, the source code and testing data (Satzinger et al. ). The TPI credentialing program had available pre-printed manuals of SyMed’s existing user interface and command sequences. The SyMed systems documentation was never provided. The next phase of implementation is training. Training can consist of formalized classes or presentations; self paced learning or group training. This training should be hands-on and emphasize actual applications that the system was created to perform. Timing of training is important. Training can be performed too early in the implementation progress, leading to unnecessary training that may need to be un-learned. Training is often seen as a luxury by some companies and is sometime omitted. This can be a costly mistake (Satzinger et al. , 2004). The TPI credentialing system was scheduled to have two days of formalized onsite training. The final phase of the implementation phase is support. As mention earlier, this phase s sometimes broken-out as its own stage. It is also often rolled into the training phase. Support is usually considered some form of help desk for most software development, though some companies offer only online documentation and troubleshooting. For this premise to work, the documentation needs to be robust and thorough. The TPI credentialing system never got to this phases and was unable to utilize either system. The failure of the TPI credentialing system software project had many contributors. Poor analysis and implementation of the SDLC was paramount, as well as budgetary issues. To sum it up, the failure was mostly due to TPI not knowing exactly what they wanted and needing more abilities than they had resources for, coupled with SyMed’s inability to recognize their limitations. The failure outlined above could have been mitigated by the knowledge and utilization of the capability maturity module (CMM). The CMM is a matrix that defines an organizations maturity of software processes Anderson, 2001). CMM is a process identification whose goal is to use defined and repeatable processes in software development. TPI would have scored a one and SyMed may have scored a two. Figure 1 illustrates the five modules of the CMM. Figure 1. Capability maturity module. This tool can be utilized by both software clients and vendors to identify potential success in a given software project. Additionally, IBM has developed the Rational Unified Process (RUP) for the object-oriented approach of software development. RUP is designed to make designed and repeatable processes easier. There are individuals who disagree with contention of repeatability for both CMM and RUP, claiming that like movies, software development success is not always repeatable.

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Non-CSD beverage: Non-CSD beverage Coke and Pepsi are attacking these categories themselves, each trying to become a â€Å"total beverage company. † Will this approach lead to brand dilution? Do CPs risk becoming a less profitable business if they do not extend the brand? No good answers yet to these questions: Pepsi, so far, has had more success and has been more aggressive with non-CSDs. 7/20/2011 32 Session led by Prof. J. K. Mitra, FMS, Delhi Non-CSD beverage: Non-CSD beverage The business model for non-CSDs is somewhat different from the classic CSD model (pp. 1-14) The supply chain and bottling requirements add complexity to the value chain, compared with the relatively simple CSD model. 7/20/2011 33 Session led by Prof. J. K. Mitra, FMS, Delhi Non-CSD beverage: Non-CSD beverage The basic principles of the business remain the same: Coke and Pepsi own the brand and control product development; Dedicated bottlers leverage economies of scope in distribution (selling to same outlet, same trucks). There are exceptions—e. g. , Gatorade is delivery through food wholesalers. As niche products, non-CSDs carried prices and margins that are higher for everyone in the value chain. /20/2011 34 Session led by Prof. J. K. Mitra, FMS, Delhi The Implications of Bottled Water: The Implications of Bottled Water Will Coke and Pepsi be able to repeat their success with CSD in the water segment, or will a new competitive dynamic emerge? (page 14) 7/20/2011 35 Session led by Prof. J. K. Mitra, FMS, Delhi Bottled Water: Bottled Water Repeat of CSD New (less attractive) Industry Structure Economies of scale in advertising Hard to create brand loyalty Barriers to entry in distribution Highly fragmented, competitive structure Similar economics of concentrate firm High price sensitivity Little differentiation (e. . , taste) 7/20/2011 36 Session led by Prof. J. K. Mitra, FMS, Delhi Bottled Water: Bottled Water Unless Coke and Pepsi can generate brand loyalty and establi sh their brands, water is more likely to become a commodity-like product, where despite the scale and barriers in distribution, most of the profits will be extracted by the distribution channel (retailers) rather than by the concentrate companies or (especially) the bottlers. 7/20/2011 37 Session led by Prof. J. K. Mitra, FMS, Delhi Summary of the Case:Summary of the Case 1. One of the clearest examples on how firms can create and exercise market power. 2. To really understand the opportunities for strategy, we have to look at the underlying economics of the firm and the industry, and its related (upstream and downstream) parts. Without understanding the economics of the CP and bottler, we cannot understand the motivations and the likely success of moves like vertical integration. 7/20/2011 38 Session led by Prof. J. K. Mitra, FMS, Delhi